The article reviews the peculiarities and structure of human resources in Ecuador as a developing country. The author analyzes Ecuador population, provides the data on literacy and employment rates, the level of wages, and defines the position of Ecuador in the international rating of Human Development Index. The article also describes a number of problems of HR management in the country. At the end of the article, the author summarizes the key provisions and gives recommendations to improve the HR management system of Ecuador for further enhancement of the country’s economic growth. The key provisions, conclusions, and recommendations presented in this article may be helpful to researchers studying regional problems of Latin America including Ecuador, and, in particular, the issues of human resources in this region.