The paper discusses the identification of economic and social causes of gender-based discrimination in the labor market. In today's economy, there are processes that reduce gender inequality, such as the development of remote employment, the growth of intellectual and information work, the reduction of housework (due to the related services on the market), etc. Therefore, administrative measures to improve the women's status in the economy are slowly becoming irrelevant. However, negative gender stereotypes still have a strong impact on the labour market and are the basis for discrimination. The article considers the quantitative indicators of gender inequality and identifies the contradiction between women's level of education, their involvement in the economy and the wage rate. The causes of gender specialization and statistical discrimination against women in the labour market have been identified
Highlights:
Statistical analysis shows that the women's high levels of human capital (more women than men have higher education) prevent them from achievement of equal pay with men, both in developing and developed countries.
• An important reason for women's lower wages is the gender occupational segregation. At the same time, the women's work performed within a household does not fairly evaluated by society, as it is not intermediated by the market.
• The result of women's specialization in household activities is reduced motivation for investment in human capital and the desire to raise income.
• There are two types of discrimination against women in the labour market: statistical and monopsonistic. The first is based on the employer's negative gender stereotyping against women, the second is based on the relatively low level of elasticity of women's labour supply.
• In today's economy, there is a tendency to reduce labor discrimination against women. This is facilitated by the increased share of intellectual work in the economy, the decline in the role of traditions in society, the equalization of access to education and the development of remote employment.
• The state, in combating labour discrimination against women, does not need to try to improve their situation through administrative measures. This will only increase statistical discrimination. We need to focus on accelerating the transition to a new economy and countering negative gender stereotypes
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