The article deals with the influence of institutional factors on structural changes in the new scientific and technological paradigm. The consequences of the functioning of the Russian economy in the framework of the export-raw material model, manifested in structural deformations. The authors revealed that one of the main reasons for the small share of positive structural changes in the economy is the low level of institutional conditions. The authors show the features of the investment mechanism in the Russian economy as one of the most important institutions of the financial system, the need for changes in the institutional system, the need for the development of institutional structures, the need to transform the institutional environment is considered in three aspects: technological, organizational and as a transformation of social institutions. It is concluded that the transformation of the institutional environment contribute to the accelerated diffusion of a new scientific and technological paradigm in all spheres of society. The main vectors of institutional development for the Russian economy are identified.
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