Today the term "cryptocurrency " has firmly taken roots in the language and in specialized literature. In essence, this word means a collection of mechanisms of accounting, emission and exchange. Unlike e-money, the cryptocurrency is not controlled by the state or organization and is not tied to real money. Since such systems are decentralized, the steadiness of the work is ensured through the so-called Transaction Block Chains (\ "BlockChain \"), based on cryptographic algorithms. This mechanism does not allow forging new or previous transactions or compromising the state of accounts. Today there are countless cryptocurrencies. This is due to the relative ease of implementation of such systems on the basis of open source codes. However, there aren’t many popular cryptocurrencies; only a few dozens of similar currencies have a market capitalization of more than $ 10 million. The capitalization of the most famous and largest cryptocurrency - BitCoin - was $ 12 billion at the time of the announcement. BitCoin has become widely used in everyday life. Considering the high liquidity and availability of a large number of exchanges, anyone can exchange the cryptology for living money without any problems. The article reviews cryptocurrency from the theoretical and the practical point of view. We reveal not only the prerequisites and reasons for the growth of popularity of cryptocurrency, we also touch the topic of low-level mechanisms of functioning, first of all - \ "blockchain\”. The paper considers the possibility of expanding the blockchain to other financial operations. Since the cryptocurrency markets can’t be controlled and regulated centrally, this creates serious risks for investors who have decided to place part of the funds in the instruments under consideration. The paper considers the current risks and shows a number of incidents on cryptocurrency exchanges, which led to colossal losses of investors and even had impact on quotations. Despite all this, the BitCoin currency has considerable potential for currency speculation, which attracts many people to maintain liquidity. That’s why the article overviews investment opportunities and analyses the quotations of a number of popular cryptic goods. In view of lack of information on this topic in Russian scientific literature, the author believes that this article has a practical significance and relevance.
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