The subject of the present article is the first results of the implementation of import substitution in Russia. The need for import substitution on the country’s food market has been shown. The changes in volume and structure of food import of the Russian Federation during the recent years have been shown. Using conventional grain units when characterizing the import and export of the most important varieties of agricultural raw materials and products – grain, meat and dairy products – the author has analyzed the changes in the foreign food trade of the Russian Federation and the post-Soviet Space as for the most important varieties of agriculture products. Certain tendencies have been identified, and the prognosis of the development of foreign trade for these products has been made for former Republics of the USSR and for Russia in general. Long-term development stages of foreign food trade have been identified for the most important varieties of agricultural products of Russian Empire, USSR and former Soviet Republics, and the relationship thereof with the common economic cyclicity (long cycles by N.D. Kondratiev) has been demonstrated.
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