The article is devoted to issues of analysis of the potential for Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) that has been recently formed via calculation of ratios that characterize foreign trade dynamics to determine competitiveness factors of Russia and EAEU countries based on comparison of the main macroeconomic indices. The author assesses condition of openness of the Russian economy and economies of EAEU countries while detecting three main openness indices (the export quota, the import quota and the foreign trade quota). The special attention is paid to the research of competitiveness indices of EAEU countries. Based on the conducted analysis, the author draws the conclusion on the need to diversify the Russian economy and on the importance of the transfer from export of raw materials to sale of final products and on stimulation of import substitution as well as on development of the unified economic security strategy of EAEU.