In the post-crisis period (2009-2014), there has been a significant difference in the dynamics of Russia’s GDP and that of other major economies in the world. This article is devoted to the study of the factors that have influenced the formation of this trend and the prospects of change in the current situation. The article examines the monetary and exchange rate policy of the Central Bank as a key factor determining the present and the near-term situations. It has been concluded that the transition to a floating exchange rate and inflation targeting largely determined the formation of this trend. The author discusses the problem requiring the quickest solution - what changes should be introduced into the existing policies in order to change the established negative trends.