Nowadays, joint projects of the state and the private capital have been attracting increasingly greater attention of researchers, and are considered to be the new phenomenon in Russia. The author analyzed the experience of such partnership in Soviet Russia during the period of NEP. The results of the study showed that forms of concession economy proved to be most effective in the fields of agricultural production, mining and manufacturing industry, while such form of partnership as a joint venture proved to be very effective in forestry. The experience of Soviet Russia also shows that the most optimal structure for management of such projects is the structure that suggests creation of special public-private partnership agencies for different industries that would cover all forms of partnership.