The article discusses the issues of competitiveness of the Russian economy; the innovative component of the national economy is studied; the reasons for the necessity of innovative development are disclosed. The main idea and the goal of the work is the theoretical and practical apprehension of the role of public-private investments via public-private partnership in the support and development of high-tech, knowledge-intensive production of the energy industry.    The priority of knowledge-intensive industrial complexes in the power industry is shown. As a part of investing in knowledge-intensive industries via public-private partnership, the opportunity of project implementation using the Tax Increment Financing or concessionary agreements is revealed. The dynamics of financing of the knowledge-intensive productions in the power industry is provided. Moreover, the author analyzed the dynamics of budget allocations and the cash execution for the realization of the targeted development program for the industrial nuclear energy complex “New generation nuclear power technologies for the period of 2010-2015”. The issue of the legislative framework for public-private partnership is reviewed; the causes of the absence of large private companies able to create competitive knowledge-intensive products are defined.