The article analyzes the problems of improving competitive environment in the conditions of rapid global change and multifactor impact of various kinds of disturbances on the development of the world economy. The authors substantiate the topicality and necessity of further research in the direction of studying the competitive environment development nature in the conditions of political and economic instability. They examine the mechanism of effective national economy formation in the conditions of economic instability.The authors demonstrate the importance of public-private partnership in the innovative development of market structures and its role in improving competitive environment, and analyze in detail the possibility and conditions of forming a partnership between the state, existing monopolies and other market players in order to support innovative processes in response to the changing external influences.