Modernization and risk - how do these concepts correlate? And how do they relate to the production activity of the enterprise? The article is about the need for early detection and monitoring of the enterprise’s occupational risks when implementing the modernization program. The author gives a risk classification of occupational activities and proves the necessity of using risk indicators in implementing the program of modernization. It is shown that the goal is to detect and analyse risks of negative impacts on the performance of the enterprise.