The paper is dedicated to the development of Russian industry at the present stage. It is characterized by low production growth rates, external sanctions, reduced export earnings. In such circumstances, an attempt to build an industrial policy on the basis of the outdated principles of market orthodoxy (deregulation of market, reducing the role of the state in the economy, export-oriented development model, etc.) leads to no negative consequences, which is manifested in the aggravation of the country's dependence on imports of technology and equipment, low performance and simplification of its internal structure. The authors conclude that the import substitution program is, on the whole, the right direction for the development of industry, however, the measures taken within the state economic policy do not allow to achieve its potential.
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