This paper is devoted to such an urgent issue as the entry of society into the new format of the economy “Industry 4.0”, which implies a gradual digitalization of all processes. The article explains the essence of the four main factors, including their main criteria, which can determine the degree of digitization of the economy, including their main criteria. The relationship between the development of information and communication technologies and changes in the functioning of organizations is shown. The authors analyze the new business formation and consider whether Russian enterprises are ready for the fourth industrial revolution, how far the companies have advanced in the issue of digitalization, and how much the European Union enterprises have succeeded in this. In the article, as the presented statistics are analyzed, the main differences between the represented economic systems are highlighted and, on the basis of this, an attempt is made to explain the discrepancies and the probable future development of the digital economy in the EU-28 countries and Russia is suggested.
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