The article is dedicated to the problem of creation of an integrated system of human capital, which will be the core of economic development of Russian regions. The realization of this strategy is possible due to the implementation of an innovative approach to the development of such an intangible asset as human capital. Its availability will help to solve the problem of the inflexible structure of GRP and will become a factor of business development and life quality improvement. The article also provides the analysis of the potential of human capital at the macro-regional level (with the example of the Volga Federal District) and its comparison with the actual state. Based on the results of the study, the author suggests the approaches to improving the quality of human capital and the efficiency of its use.